How Whales originated in India and conquered the Oceans!
Evolution provides countless of amazing stories as we look
at how each species evolved. But story
of the whales (which are mammals) ancestors
that went from land to water about 40 to 50 million years ago beats the best of
them. And in between for a few million years there were whales (much smaller
off course than the ones we see now) that had legs and could walk on land as
well as swim in the water!
Hans Thewissen who discovered the first ‘walking whale’
later called Ambulocetus in Pakistan in the early 1990s, tells this fantastic
story in great detail. The science behind the discovery and the subsequent
journey is meticulously explained and this book will be a great learning
experience for any reader. Starting from what makes a whale a whale (it is the
tymphanic bone in the ear), to the importance of teeth and the dental formula
(just by a tooth an expert can tell you what species it belongs to!) is
amazing. Other interesting facts such as the oxygen isotopes in the bones that
lets you determine whether the species lived in land or water, makes the book
so enjoyable to read.
Perseverance is the key to success and the author’s efforts
in India and Pakistan over the last 20 years in searching for and discovering
numerous fossils and his focused studies in understand the swimming, feeding,
breeding activities of this species underlies that. The deciphering of the development of the brain, vision, hearing
etc of the Ambulocetus and related species from different fossil fragments
makes a large part of the book feels like a detective story. The author’s skill
in explaining not only biology and paleontology, but also other domains like
geology and plate tectonics is wonderful. I have not read a better explanation
of plate tectonics anywhere else! The isolation of the Indian peninsula after
it broke away from the Africa about 50 million years ago gave the walking
whales an opportunity to evolve in isolation.
Many Indians spent considerable time worshipping their Gods
in the Himalayas but instead if they had spent a fraction of that time
understanding how the Himalayas were formed, they might be able to appreciate
the forces of Nature better. And the story of the Whales and their journey to
conquer the oceans should be inspiring to all Indians.
